Terdapat 3 proses dasar Ginjal, yaitu : Filtrasi Reabsorpsi Sekresi Ketiga proses dasar diatas berperan didalam pembentukan urin. 1. Filtrasi Filtrasi di dalam ginjal terjadi didalam Glomerulus, sehingga disebut Filtrasi Glomerulus. Filtrasi Glomerulus merupakan langkah pertama didalam pembentukan Urin pada manusia. Membran Glomerulus seratus kali lipat lebih permeabel daripada kapiler-kapiler di tempat lain. Tekanan darah kapiler glomerulus adalah gaya pendorong utama yang berperan untuk menginduksi filtrasi glomerulus. Mekanisme kerja Filtrasi Glomerulus : Pada saat darah mengalir melalui glomerulus, terjadi filtrasi plasma bebas-protein menembus kapiler glomerulus kedalam kapsul Bowman. Cairan yang difiltrasi dari glomerulus ke dalam kapsul Bowman harus melewati 3 lapisan yang membentuk membran glomerulus : Dinding kapiler Glomerulus Lapisan gelatinosa aseluler = Membran basal ( basement membrane ). Lapisan dalam kapsul Bowman. Secara kolektif, keti-3 lapi
If you're confiding in a friend about sleep problems, the conversation might turn to topics like not getting enough rest or tossing and turning at night. But what about things your body does during sleep - like drooling, snoring , bedwetting , or passing gas - that you might be embarrassed to talk about by the light of day? For example, take Kindra Hall, vice president of sales at a network marketing firm in Phoenix. She admits that drooling excessively while sleeping is a major source of embarrassment, especially when she's been caught in the act. Soaked bed pillows and stained throw pillows are constant reminders of her humiliating habit. "I'm very conscious about saliva control," Hall tells WebMD via email, "but as soon as my eyes are closed and I enter dreamland, all bets are off." You might not even be aware of your sleeping habits -- until your bed partner clues you in. Sometimes, these behaviors are a part of the natural sleep process.
From MedscapeCME Family Medicine Mark E. Williams, MD CME/CE Released: 06/09/2009; Valid for credit through 06/09/2010 The objective of the pulmonary assessment of a geriatric patient is to check for the following: Quality of respiratory efficiency; Gas exchange; and Presence of disease. Assessing Respiration Efficiency Of note, if the patient is bedfast, complete evaluation of respiratory efficiency is often less than optimal because chest expansion is not always symmetric and percussion notes may be less resonant. Respiratory Rate Although a patient's respiratory rate is often recorded in his or her chart (most often as 20 breaths per minute), cultivate the discipline to obtain it yourself. Count the respirations for a minute and observe the pattern and degree of respiratory effort. Note that moving the diaphragm without moving any air does not count as a breath. Normal respiratory rates for older patients are12 to 18 breaths
Comments