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Showing posts from February, 2009

FIXED DRUG ERUPTIONS

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Background Drug eruptions can mimic a wide range of dermatoses. The morphologies are myriad and include morbilliform (most common, see, urticarial, papulosquamous, pustular, and bullous. Medications can also cause pruritus and dysesthesia without an obvious eruption. A drug-induced reaction should be considered in any patient who is taking medications and who suddenly develops a symmetric cutaneous eruption. Medications that are known for causing cutaneous reactions include antimicrobial agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cytokines, chemotherapeutic agents, anticonvulsants, and psychotropic agents. Prompt identification and withdrawal of the offending agent may help limit the toxic effects associated with the drug. The decision to discontinue a potentially vital drug often presents a dilemma. Epidemiology Adverse drug reactions occur in about 2 to 5% of patients in hospital and follow about 1% of prescriptions in the community. They are more common in women than men

ZINC TREATMENT FOR ACNE VULGARIS

Acne vulgaris, also known as common acne, is a problem that affects the lives of many teenagers as well as adults.Pimples and breakouts can persist into adulthood , as if teenage acne is not embarrassment enough. People are always on the search for a treatment of acne that will ensure control and decrease breakouts. For many people, controlling acne is a constant process because most of the time, treatment is only a momentary reprieve from the symptoms. This is the reason that the most effective treatments of acne are ones that wipe out pimples as well as maintain optimal health for the body, so that the rate of future breakouts is low. Taking acne medication for one's lifetime is rather excessive for most people, It is for this reason that a lot of people are looking for alternatives to antibiotics in the form of zinc supplements. However, the question remains- Does zinc work? Some people think that zinc heals acne. Zinc can stop many of the conditions that results in acne.

SEZARY SYNDROME

Background This Sezary cell is the malignant pleomorphic T cell seen in mycosis fungoides and has a convoluted nucleus. In the peripheral smear, these cells number greater than 1.0x10*9/l. Prior to sophisticated molecular techniques such as flow cytometry, a Sezary prep was performed by concentrating the white blood cells and doing a morphologic count. However, there are many inflammatory conditions which may elicit Sezary-like cells in the peripheral smear. In addition, a morphological appraisal of a peripheral smear slide is not a very sensitive technique. There are no known causes of Sezary syndrome. It can affect many organs. In early stage disease, the skin is the only organ affected; however, later stage disease can affect other organ systems. There are many different types of primary cutaneous lymphomas but they can be broadly divided into two categories, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. It is is characterized by skin abnormalities, extreme itching, enl

Skizofreniformis (Gangguan Menyerupai Skizofrenia), Skizoafektif, Waham, dan Gangguan Psikotik Lainnya

I. Gangguan Skizofreniformis (Gangguan Menyerupai Skizofrenia) Definisi. Gejalanya sama dengan skizofrenia kecuali gejala ini bertahan paling tidak 1 bulan dan sembuh setelah 6 bulan dan kemudian kembali ke fungsi normal dasar. Epidemiologi. Tidak tersedia data; namun gangguan ini kurang dari separuh temuan populasi skizofrenia. Etiologi. Secara umum, pasien skizofreniformis memiliki gejala mood yang lebih baik dan prognosa yang lebih baik daripada pasien skizofrenia. Skizofrenia lebih sering terjadi pada keluarga pasien dengan gangguan mood daripada keluarga pasien dengan gangguan skizofreniformis. Penyebabnya masih belum diketahui. Diagnosa, tanda, dan gejala. Mula cepat gangguan psikotik dengan halusinasi, waham, atau keduanya. Lihat Tabel 9-1. Diagnosa banding. Serupa dengan skizofrenia. Singkirkan gangguan psikotik singkat, gangguan mood dengan ciri psikotik, dan gejala prodormal skizofrenia. Perjalanan peny